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At first sight a commodity presented itself to us as a complex of two things - use value andexchange value. Later on, we saw also that labour, too, possesses the same two-fold nature; for,so far as it finds expression in value, it does not possess the same characteristics that belong to itas a creator of use values. I was the first to point out and to examine critically this two-fold nature of the labour contained in commodities. As this point is the pivot on which a clear comprehensionof political economy turns, we must go more into detail. Let us take two commodities such as a coat and 10 yards of linen, and let the former be doublethe value of the latter, so that, if 10 yards of linen = W, the coat = 2W.The coat is a use value that satisfies a particular want. Its existence is the result of a special sort ofproductive activity, the nature of which is determined by its aim, mode of operation, subject, means, and result. The labour, whose utility is thus represented by the value in use of its product, or which manifests itself by making its product a use value, we call useful labour. In thisonnection we consider only its useful effect. As the coat and the linen are two qualitatively different use values, so also are the two forms of labour that produce them, tailoring and weaving. Were these two objects not qualitativelydifferent, not produced respectively by labour of different quality, they could not stand to eachother in the relation of commodities. Coats are not exchanged for coats, one use value is notexchanged for another of the same kind.o all the different varieties of values in use there correspond as many different kinds of useful labour, classified according to the order, genus, species, and variety to which they belong in the social division of labour. This division of labour is a necessary condition for the production of commodities, but it does not follow, conversely, that the production of commodities is a* The following passage occurred only in the first edition. "Now we know the substance of value. It is labour. We know the measure of its magnitude. It is labour time. The form, which stamps value as exchange- value, remains to be Dear God, grant me protection on my quest as I emback on reading this nonsense. analysed. But before this we need to develop the characteristics we have already found somewhat more fully." Taken from the Penguin edition of "Capital," translated by Ben Fowkes. 31 Chapter 1 necessary condition for the division of labour. In the primitive Indian community there is social division of labour, without production of commodities. Or, to take an example nearer home, in every factory the labour is divided according to a system, but this division is not brought about by the operatives mutually exchanging their individual products. Only such products can become commodities with regard to each other, as result from different kinds of labour, each kind being carried on independently and for the account of private individuals. To resume, then: In the use value of each commodity there is contained useful labour, i.e., productive activity of a definite kind and xercised with a definite aim. Use values cannot confront each other as commodities different in each of them. In a commodities, i.e., in a commu the useful forms of labour th own account, develops into Anyhow, whether the coat use value. Nor is the relati circumstance that tailoring division of labour. Whereve for thousands of years, wi other element of material owe their existence to a sp appropriates particular natu labour is a creator of use val forms of society, for the exist abour embodied in them is qualitatively which in general takes the form of Is qualitative difference between dividual producers, each on their abour. in either case it operates as a produced it altered by the lependent branch of the social he human race made clothes oats and linen, like every of Nature, must invariably efinite aim, an activity that nts. So far therefore as ition, independent of all nature-imposed necessity, id Nature, and therefore no life. e combinations of two expended upon them, a material h without which there can be no The use values, coat, linen, &c. elements - matter and labour. substratum is. work only as Nature does, tha changing the form he is const only source of material wealth is its father and the earth its Let us now pass from the co By our assumption, the coat difference, which for the pre of the coat is double that g So far as they are values expressions of essentia kinds of labour. There tailoring and wea of the labour of th as the coat which e help of man. The latter can r.13 Nay more, in this work of see, then, that labour is not th ur. As William Petty puts it, labour s always left, whic : the ue to the value of commodities. en. But this is a mere quantitative ar in mind, however, that if the value must have the same value as one coat. of a like substance, objective are, qualitatively,. different he same man does ur are mere modifications of different persons, just nakes another dav, imply

Me putting on the armor of God before reading lefty replies. (2021 colorized) | /r/PoliticalCompassMemes


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Authoritarian The immortal science of materialist Christianity made the master race dialectics is the only permitted world view. weak. Islam in particular must be destroyed. Economic- Left Imagine caring about anything. Economic- Right Sorry, but religion is, like, the patriarchy, sweetie. Slaves of the Archons Wanna buy a brain chip? Or at least a bottle of corn syrup? Libertarian Servants of the Aeons I hate the antichrist!
How is order maintained and the issue of economic scarcity dealt with? Authoritarian Government & Government Property Rights Economic- Left Economic- Right IDK (It's going to be a government) Property Rights Libertarian
LIBERTE EGALITE FRATERNITE FRATERNITE EGALITE LIBERTE
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