One recent example for me is with the English dub of Beastars. When I was watching some clips of it before watching the show proper I thought to myself "hold on, Haru sounds really familiar…" Looked it up and found out Haru is voiced by Lara Jill Miller, who I know best as the voice of Kari in the English dub of Digimon Adventures, a show I loved as a kid. Also interesting to note is Beastars is Miller's first anime dubbing role in a decade, turns out that before Beastars the last anime dub she did was back in 2010. Just really surprised me a voice I recognized so well from my childhood suddenly came back in my adulthood.
Also anime related but an older example, anyone remember Zatch Bell? (Or "Gash Bell," I recall hearing the reason why the dub changed the name is because "gash" means something very different in English speaking countries, which depending on where you are either means "a gaping wound" or "a vagina") I remember being surprised to learn that two voice actors mostly known for only doing voices in American made cartoons also lent their voices to this dub. One big example is the title character Zatch is voiced by Debi Derryberry, best known for voicing characters like Jimmy Neutron and Coco Bandicoot. Another one is a character named Kanchome was first voiced by Richard Horvitz, best known for roles like Zim in Invader Zim, Billy in Billy and Mandy, and Raz in Psychonauts.
And now another example of "Western cartoon VAs making the transition to anime dubbing," Ben Diskin, who is probably best known for voicing Numbah 1 on Codename: Kids Next Door, has been showing up in a decent amount of anime this past decade. Some of his most notable anime roles include Sai in Naruto and Boruto, Haida in Aggrestsuko, Joseph Joestar in Jojo, and Jack in Beastars.