tl;dr: The oppressive system that is a part of most cultures with different races is a valid and harmful racism, and the prejudice that any person has towards another race is also a different kind but still valid and harmful racism.
So yes, black people can be racist.
I think it's a bit of a game of semantics on one level (i.e., what makes one "a racist," what are racist actions, and what is "racism?") and what actually matters in that particular situation for another (i.e., "Can a racial minority with a prejudice against other races be a racist?")
I think the first part will be easier to explain. I think most people have heard that racism cannot exist without systematic oppression that benefits one race and disadvantages others. That is certainly a concept that exists in the humanities and the social sciences.
Where it gets troublesome is where people disagree on whether that oppressive system still exists and to what extent does it exist.
I think most of us agree that any oppressive system is not overt in the western world anymore. We do not actively target particular races except Nazis.
What people (like me) posit is that drug crimes for the crack version of cocaine net harsher penalties than the powder version, and blacks are more likely to use and have easier access to crack. Or that black people are more often pulled over than white people.
Then you get into arguments of responsibility such as whether or not black people disproportionately give reasons to be pulled over more often such as swerving or honking a car horn repeatedly at a friend, accelerating more rapidly that make patrol vehicles begin to follow these cars. That shifts the focus from "some immaterial, intangible, and difficult-to-test power" to "personal responsibility."
And then you go into whether or not a police officer in the patrol car would do that if the person were white or black. That shifts the focus from "shared personal responsibility" to "the previous explanation that doesn't imply that blacks or the culture in which they're embedded are self-destructive."
(Which can go off into Neo-Nazi grounds very quickly or into an argument that people with an external locus of control want to put blame off onto some untestable boogeyman through overly sympathetic and emotional folks.)
If you remember the #BanBossy movement a while back, the thought behind that is similar to what many black people feel. A black person can be assertive and be exhibiting leadership qualities, but they're interpreted as being aggressive whereas they're interpreted as simply assertive qualities from a white person.
Or a short person who's an overachiever might be considered to have a Napoleon complex where a person of average height may just seem to be a go-getter.
Or a woman who's dominant in the workplace and is actively trying to get promotions to supervisory and management roles might be seen as being bossy where a man with the same qualities might not be seen as such.
Of course, the retort is that men are very often seen as bossy, white people are seen as thuggish, and average height people can be seen as trying to overcompensate.
But those aspects are not attributed to being some feminazi woman that wants to dominate men, a short guy who has self-esteem issues specifically because of his height, or a black guy who was raised as a thug and should be treated as such.
Whether it exists or not is up in the air. I say it does just like the words "bossy" or "bitch" exist specifically to target a person's immutable attribute that has nothing to do with their personalities (or worse, makes people see attributes in a negative light when they would otherwise be seen in a positive light.)
It's extremely hard to test and prove as my experience as a black person hasn't been as subject to these factors (or they're so high level that I don't feel them at this point in my career, and liberal academia most certainly doesn't care if you're black or not. In fact, I was given all of the opportunity in the world to succeed by white professors, mentors, and fellow students.)
But I am also more articulate than what you might expect from a black person, more formally educated than most black people, and am not uncomfortable engaging in yuppie conversation. I also keep a relatively neat haircut and wear clothes that indicate that I'm not actively engaged in hip-hop culture and that I have little interest in the genre and certainly not anything that might speak to gangsta violence or the like.
So that lie perception might almost make me
You know…one of the "good ones." In a way, that perception makes you "not black" in people's eyes. And the other black people posting here have almost certainly been reminded of how white they are and being reminded that they're black just as often.
Or friends avoid race in any way. (Personally, I try to maintain friends who don't ignore that I'm black but pick at me for other things outside of race.)
Now what most people think of when they think of "racism" is simply the prejudice someone has towards a particular race. That is also racism, but it's not the same racism as is denoted by what is taught in the social sciences. One's macro, one's micro.
Both are valid forms of racism that can and do exist. But trying to ask or deconstruct what racism is or is not is fruitless. At that point, it feels like the debate is less to find common ground or to increase one's understanding of a different viewpoint and more to simply "win" an argument (sometimes by changing the argument or to simply discredit the other in a debate outside of the bounds of the debate.)
If someone is being a jerk to someone based on their race, then that's wrong. Call it racial prejudice, racism, bigotry, whatever. For the sake of excusing the behavior, it doesn't matter what you call it.
That can lead into the discussion of affirmative action where companies, schools, or other organizations actively seek out diverse population. Part of that is some form of "reparations" where you acknowledge that people of a certain identity might not have the credentials of others, so you have a quota that you try to meet.
I feel two ways about this. One answers a question many who are opposed to want to know, and one is going further beyond that answer (because just because I gave you that answer doesn't mean other reasons can't supercede it.)
- Yes, I would feel awful knowing that I was given a slot only because of my race.
That likely doesn't happen very often. You may have a candidate that is not quite as qualified or won't perform quite as well as someone else who might happen to be white/male/whatever. But they're probably still a very good candidate who, in practice, isn't going to slow down the organization to a point that you're losing out significantly.
- And it is very utilitarian to simply think the only concern for a workforce is to get the guy who is the best at the thing.
Colleges stopped that mess a while back. If you have a 4.3 GPA and perfect ACT/SAT scores, then you may get into schools, but only if you do other things on the side.
Schools and academia in general don't just want the smartest kid as determined by grades. They want intelligent kids who will contribute to the campus in their own ways.
Workforces could seek out the very same thing. Take Google who specifically targeted women and probably weeded out men who could probably do the job better.
Google probably doesn't operate significantly better as a whole or in their departments with the women in place outside of the men who were better candidates. And given that Google still has more men than what would be expected in those positions, affirmative action was never rampant at their workplace at least.
But simply having someone (or someones) of a different identification may help the workplace feel better outside of just work. I'm the only guy at my health department, and the office would feel a lot more different with more males there. Or more black people. Or…any other black person, really.
But I prefer for a workplace to be diverse. I don't spend all of my time working, and I'm often working with other people. Even if productivity suffered a bit by not hiring 10 of 10 of the top 100 candidates and instead choosing 10 of the top 30 candidates in order to have 2 women in the number, the atmosphere of the workplace might be so much better…
than hating where you work because your coworkers are overzealous butts only concerned with turning that wrench for 10 hours better than anyone else or consistently having to look over your shoulder for a fresh college graduate who is a better candidate for the job than you are a worker who applies for your position.
There is something to be said for the secondary and tertiary. Maybe hiring a competent employee who is simply easier to work with or makes for a better workplace atmosphere is better than the absolute best candidates that don't know how to people well.
…anyway, yes, black people can be prejudiced towards white people or people of other races even in a culture that disadvantages black people. It's just different conversations.