I'm not an American but a Canadian, but I did witness some of public school horrors like you said. So, Is this story time ?
I frequented a class for autistic people during most of secondary because I was autistic, except it was clearly not helpful to its students. Most of the time, all you did is basically homework while facing a wall. You were on your own 90% of time. The remaining 10% was where you request help for a teacher, except they could become annoyed and punished you by removing points in some sort of report card.
About the other students, dear god. While some of them are cool, but most of them liked to bullying me and even encouraged others to bully me. They were on my school bus for fuck's sake. I've got told once by one of their teacher that ''These people are autistic. It's normal that they bully people.'' Seriously, NEVER say that to anyone. Autism is not the main factor of bullying. It took them leaving the school the next year just to have some goddamn peace. I have also seen other students from this class getting bullied like mad so this is not a unique case.
At some point, this class got a student who managed to win some medals in regional and possibly international sports. He is a great swimmer and a generally great person. The problem is that the teachers have spent at least an entire class and some more showcasing him and how great he is. While this could be fun and a change of pace, this was not good where you know most of the students stuck in this class got treated like garbage by both teachers and other students. If someone tried to bully him, the teacher would never said ''These people are autistic. It's normal that they bully people.'' to him and actually take harsh actions against their bullies.
A teach told their students that ''Babies does not come from stark.'' This happened where some of us were near adulthood.
Eventually, I got the chance to be in regular classes and complete up to high school once and for all. I accepted the challenge and never looked back. I completed it and make some nice friends. I am now in CEGEP, the equivalent of a College in Quebec, and history continues its course.
I talked with a specialist about how autistic students are like in those classes. He has a kid here. A lot of things changed for the better. There is now at least 6 classes in the school I frequented. The walls are gone. The students now faces the teacher. The report cards are gone. There is now an emphasis on team work. Amazing where the only team work I have done in this class, my companion never stop complaining, even where correcting a type, and the teachers blamed me for all that. That kid from the specialist also doesn't seem to get bullied. According to what the specialist said, autistic students get a way better service than before.
I eventually participated in a conference about autism on my own as two of the students who want to talk about their autism in public. It was one of my dream since I was in CEGEP. My part was done with one of my favorite teacher of all time, and we impressed the audience. The irony is where autistic people are known for being shy yet one of my favorite thing to do is to do oral presentations. There is one of them where I was disguised as Jim Sterling of all people. If you wanted to know, my subject there was Greece austerity so this disguise was oddly fitting. My name was on the local newspaper, and I feel accomplished.
Being on that class nearly ruined my life and thinking about it still make me rage today. I still hope that special needs students in general should receive a more normal education despite their problems. Seriously, better education is a must, not only for students with special needs, but also for everyone.