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Large Hadron Collider - Higgs-boson Infographic

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LIVE SCIENCE s it Higgs? Physicists have observed evidence of a new subatomic particle. Further research will try to determine if it is the elusive Higgs boson, thought to be responsible for giving matter its property of mass RIGHT: SIMULATION OF THE PRODUCTION OF A HIGGS PARTICLE IN THE LHC COLLIDER (CREDIT: CERN) In the Standard Model of physics, matter is made up of small particles called fermions (quarks and leptons). Forces such as electromagnetism are carried by bosons. NEUTRONS QUARKS PROTONS ATOM NUCLEUS PROTON ELECTRONS "Atom Smashers Reveal Hints of Higgs Physicists use electromagnetic fields to whip beams of protons around and around, accelerating them to nearly the speed of light. This gives the protons enormous kinetic energy. Finally the beams are allowed to intersect, and where protons collide, their energy is released. New particles some of them very short-lived - are formed from this energy VISUALIZATION OF PARTICLE COLLISION RELEASING ENERGY AND FORMING NEW PARTICLES iggs is Big (Mass is Equivalent to Energy As Albert Einstein discovered, mass can be defined as a quantity of energy. Subatomic particle masses are given as amounts of electron volts (the energy of a single electron accelerated by a potential difference of one volt). The newly discovered particle (possibly the Higgs boson) is found to have a mass of about 125 billion electron volts. Other particles, such as photons, have no mass at all. NEW PARTICLE 125 billion EV TOP QUARK 170 billion EV BOTTOM QUARK 4.2 billion EV ELECTRON 0.5 EV PROTON 938 million EV 940 million EV NEUTRON Higgs is the Key to Why Matter Has Mass Imagine a party where guests are Guests notice the celebrity and rush A different celebrity enters and passes evenly spaced around the room. The in closer to be near her. As the room of guests represents the Higgs field, which is everywhere the clump of guests surrounding her weakly interacting particle, and it in the universe. Each guest repre- gives the group additional momen has no mass (it has not gotten any sents a Higgs boson. Suddenly a tum. The clump is harder to stop from the Higgs field). It may be a celebrity enters (the celebrity is a than one guest alone would be. The photon or other massless particle particle of ordinary matter). quickly through without attracting any attention from the guests. This is a celebrity moves through the room, clump has acquired mass. SOURCES: CERN, BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORIES, FERMILAB KARL TATE / ⓒ LiveScience.com

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