A sad thing about Franklin; Watson and Crick ended up with the credit and Franklin died before she could be awarded (They don't give Nobel Prizes posthumously). Claims of sexism abound the whole thing (This was the 50s, mind you).

At least Watson admitted she and Maurice Wilkins were better recipients for that award.

This list would be remiss without Ada Lovelace, without whom we likely would not have personal computers today.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace

Charles Babbage built the first computer, the Analytical Engine, and Lovelace's notes on it included the first algorithm to be carried out by a machine. She also carried on working to advance computers as a useful invention after Babbage's suicide; it was many decades before computers started to be seen as practical machines, and most people at the time scoffed at Babbage's work because it wasn't yet something that could be used profitably.
A lot of people worked very hard over the years to get computers to where they are now, and it couldn't have been done without all the early ones, Ada Lovelace especially.