Origin

In the universe of Harry Potter, "X points from Gryffindor" is a phrase frequently said by the potion master, Severus Snape, usually addressing Harry, his least favorite student. Hogwarts, the school of magic, is divided into four houses, which compete for points to win the yearly house cup. Points added bring great joy :D, and points deducted great sorrow :'(. The houses are Gryffindor, Hufflepuff, Ravenclaw and Slytherin, all named after the school's founders. During the course of the books/films, the amount of points Snape deducts from Gryffindor's score varies, but 10 is the most common number.

Online presence

Giving the immerse popularity of the HP franchise, the phrase, already frequent in-universe, became popular on various message and image boards, used to express disapproval to above post(s). It is likely not possible to pinpoint the exact time when the phrase became popular online, or when the now-famous macro was created.

10 points FOR Gryffindor, sometimes stands for a personal achievement of some sort.