Hatsune Miku / Miku Hatsune
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About
Hatsune Miku (初音ミク) is an application developed by Crypton Future Media. Released in August 2007, using Yamaha's Vocaloid 2 technology and voice samples of Japanese voice actress Saki Fujita, the program allows the user to synthesize and optimize the singer's voice to sing any tune.[1] It was first introduced to the Japanese market with an official anime character, who has since reached iconic status within Otaku culture as well as mainstream J-pop and online video culture as well.
History and Development
Vocaloid (Japanese: ボーカロイド) is a vocal synthesizer developed by Yamaha Corporation in collaboration with the Music Technology Group at Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona.[2] The technology was first released commercially in 2004 under the name Vocaloid. The software is able to "sing" by piecing together phonemes (sounds made by humans to create words and syllables) at different pitches with different settings such as vibrato, dynamics, pitch bends and transitions.[1]
Miku was developed and distributed by Crypton Future Media, Inc., which was initially an importer of sound devices based in Sapporo, Japan. Crypton's role in the VOCALOID era was public relations, promotion, and distribution, with early Vocaloids being developed by Yamaha Corporation. Crypton Future Media began production on actual voicebanks in early 2007, after the announcement of VOCALOID2.[3] Though many primary resources have been lost over time, an update from the Japanese blogging website[4] SONICWIRE, posted by the user wat on May 25th, 2007, showcases some of the development process. Original and translated posts can be seen below:
On June 25th, 2007, wat once again posted an update[5] to SONICWIRE, stating that the voicebank was almost completed and giving readers a first look at Crypton's first Vocaloid, Hatsune Miku, writing: "皆様、何卒、何卒、この子を宜しくお願いいたしますっ!" or "Everyone, please, please give her your support!"
VOCALOID2 with Hatsune Miku was officially released on August 31st, 2007, receiving unexpected commercial success.[6]
Concept
Unlike earlier VOCALOID voicebanks, Miku was advertised as a "Virtual Pop Star" rather than just a vocal synthesizer.[6] Crypton introduced her as “an android diva from a near-future world where songs have been lost.”[7] She is portrayed as a sixteen-year-old girl with long turquoise twintails, a design that quickly became iconic.
In 2007, Crypton asked Japanese mangaka KEI Garou (ケイガロウ), better known as KEI, to create an illustration[8] for their first Character Vocal Series product, Hatsune Miku. While Crypton provided him with detailed concepts for the character, they struggled to explain exactly what a “VOCALOID” was supposed to be. KEI later said he initially found it difficult to picture a “singing computer,” especially because he was unfamiliar with synthesizers at the time.[8]
The name Hatsune Miku (初音ミク) is derived from the Japanese characters Hatsu (初, First), Ne (音, Sound), and Miku (未来, Future, though written in katakana as ミク).[6] Her voice is provided by the Japanese voice actress Saki Fujita (藤田咲, Fujita Saki).[6]
Reception
Initial sales of Hatsune Miku exceeded Crypton’s expectations, with demand reportedly surpassing the company’s ability to supply the software.[6] Within the first 12 days of release, nearly 3,000 reservations were placed. On September 12, 2007, Amazon.co.jp reported sales totaling 57.5 million yen, making Hatsune Miku the top-selling software on the platform at the time.[9]
During her first year on the market, Miku reportedly sold more than 40,000 units, averaging around 300 sales per week. Later reports estimated total sales of the software at over 60,000 copies.[10]
The software and attached character quickly became a cultural phenomenon in Japan. On March 26th, 2009, Japanese news outlet The Asahi Shimbun Company published a short documentary covering Hatsune Miku on their YouTube[11] channel, which has received about 3.5 million views as of May 2026.
Updates
Hatsune Miku has continued to receive updates and expanded voice libraries for nearly twenty years. An example, the Append series, includes Sweet, Soft, and Dark, which provide sweeter, softer, and darker vocal tones, respectively. Other Japanese voicebanks include Light, a higher-pitched vocal; Vivid, a strong high-pitched vocal; Solid, a firmer and clearer-sounding version of the original voice; and an English voicebank for the VOCALOID3 engine. Updated Japanese and English VOCALOID4 voicebanks were released in August 2016, followed by a Mandarin Chinese voicebank in September 2017.[6]
On August 31st, 2025, coinciding with Miku's 18th anniversary, employees of Crypton Future Media announced that Hatsune Miku V6 AI would be released in the first half of 2026 with Japanese and English voice libraries, with Chinese support planned for a future update. Hatsune Miku V6 was released on April 14th, 2026.[6]
On April 17th, 2026, YouTube[12] user @HHS_kt uploaded a video comparing the 2007 Miku V2 software to the newly released Miku V6. The video received around 180,000 views in about one month.
Impact On Early Internet Culture
Hatsune Miku would eventually become a staple of the early internet, both in Japan and later in the West. Initially isolated to Japanese sites like niconico, later re-uploads to YouTube would familiarize English-speaking audiences with Miku and the concept of Vocaloid in general.
Nico Nico Douga
The Japanese video sharing service Nico Nico Douga (NND) is often regarded as ground zero of the Hatsune Miku phenomenon. "01_ballade" is a song by Eiji Hirasawa featuring the Vocaloid voicebank Hatsune Miku. It was uploaded to NND[12] by user 小室コア (ID:446988) on August 29th, 2007, shortly after Hatsune Miku's release. The song is widely recognized as Hatsune Miku's first official demonstration song and is generally regarded as the first song featuring Hatsune Miku to be publicly released online.[13]
On September 4th, 2007, when NND[14] user Otomania posted a Vocaloid remix of another remix series "Leekspin" featuring a heavily-deformed version of Miku, now known as "Hachune Miku". The video was ubiquitous in the Japanese video-sharing community, inspiring other NND artists to create and share their own remixes, cover songs, and fan art, as well as original compositions using the software. As of May 2026, the original upload has received 6.69 million views.
On September 19th, 2007, the song "みくみくにしてあげる♪" (Miku Miku ni Shite Ageru♪) was posted to NND[15] by user ika, which became the first VOCALOID song to reach 1 million views, which was achieved in less than 26 days.[16] As of May 2026, the video has amassed over 17.27 million views.
On December 7th, 2007, NND[17] user and producer ryo (ID: 317063) uploaded the song "Melt," which is widely credited with catalyzing the massive 2008 Vocaloid boom on Niconico. The video currently stands at over 17 million views as of June 2026.
On December 10th, 2008, NND[18] user Anonymous (ID:2523470) posted the original "PoPiPo" video, which went on to amass over 3.68 million views as of May 2026. The video, like many others, would later be re-uploaded to YouTube.
YouTube
Many NND videos were re-uploaded to YouTube, where Western audiences could be reached more easily. The increased exposure to English-speaking audiences resulted in many of the reposts reaching substantially higher viewcounts.
Miku Miku Dance Videos
In May 2008, a 3D modeling freeware program, Miku Miku Dance (MMD) was released to help users animate and create 3D animation music videos set to Vocaloid tracks. Developed by Yu Higuchi (HiguchiM), the MMD program became a must-have tool for Vocaloid fans to create their own music videos, as well as parodies and re-enactments of pop culture references and current events, as well as tributes to other Japanese video memes like Geddan and the Vocaloid sub-meme "Po-Pi-Po."
This program became so widely used in Japanese video communities, MMD users began hosting an annual "MMD Cup" contest, inviting the most talented MMD users to create their own videos and duke out who's the best of the best.
MMD video series is similar to Garry's Mod videos and Team Fortress 2 videos. MMD videos typically take the original audio from source materials and dub it over the footage of Miku characters recreating the original scene.
Impact on Mainstream Culture
J-Pop Music
Similar to the Auto-Tune phenomenon on YouTube, the popularity of Vocaloid videos on NND soon reached the Japanese mainstream, receiving press coverage and endorsements by J-pop celebrities. Some remix artists were able to get their Miku-themed albums signed on by music labels like Sony Music Entertainment, including Supercell by Ryo, the artist behind several vocaloid hits like "Love is War" and "Black Rock Shooter" and a compilation of vocaloid songs titled Exit Tunes Presents Vocalogenesis feat. Hatsune Miku, which debuted at number one on the Japanese weekly Oricon album charts on May 31st, 2010.
Two live concerts have been held featuring Vocaloids, MIKU FES'09 in August 2009 on Miku's "second birthday" and MIKU GIVING DAY 3'9, a promotional concert sponsored by SEGA for the upcoming Project Diva sequel. The performances were accompanied by character images of Vocaloids projected onto a glass screen.
Video Games
Hatsune Miku has also been featured in several video games. Sega launched a series of interactive rhythms games with the release of its first title Hatsune Miku: Project Diva. The game became available on Sony PSP on July 22nd, 2009. Another Hatsune Miku project was announced by Sega in April 2011.
Nintendo DS game 13-sai no Hello Work DS features Miku as one of the main characters. The action video game No More Heroes 2, a popular Wii title among Western otakus (or "weeaboos"), features a small segment of Miku's singing on its soundtrack. In the Japanese version of online action game PangYa, a user campaign was launched in May 2008 to bring Miku into the game as a character and the request was fulfilled.
Fans have created various Miku-themed MODs, models, and character skins for popular games like World of Warcraft, Minecraft, and Valve Orange Box games. Hatsune Miku won the 2008 Seiun Awards in the Free Genre category.
Figurines
Leading figurine companies like Good Smile Company and Max Factory have created figures of Miku and other characters in the Vocaloid series. Other fan merchandise includes small toys, towels, art books by fans, and even jeans.
In November 2009, Hatsune Miku fan Sumio Morioka (his online handle "chodenzi-P") launched an online petition to convince Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency into installing a custom-built Hatsune Miku aluminum plate on the Japanese Venus spacecraft explorer Akatsuki. By December 22nd, 2009, the petition exceeded the requirements of 10,000 signatures and won the support of a JAEA professor. On May 21st, 2010, Japan's first Venus probe Akatsuki was launched with three monochromic plates depicting Hatsune Miku and Hachune Miku.

Manga & Anime
In late August 2009, Yamakan's Ordet animation studio announced a "Black Rock Shooter" anime series due in Spring of 2010, but after many delays, it was released online as an OVA on July 24, 2010. KEI, the original artist of Hatsune Miku, published his "Unofficial Hatsune Mix" manga, which consisted of several short stories centered around Miku and other characters from the Vocaloid series .
Toyota Sponsorship
In the summer of 2011, Toyota announced that it would be sponsoring Hatsune Miku's U.S. concert debut in order to celebrate the upcoming English expansion. Toyota announced their partnership alongside advertisements for their new 2011 Corolla.
THE END
In December 11th, 2012, an opera with Hatsune Miku as main character was premiered at Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media, [11] directed by Toshiki Okada and Keiichiro Shibuya, telling about Hatsune Miku realising she's dead. Vocaloid's programming was portrayed by Pinocchio-P, [13] a well-known Vocaloid songs producer. The opera was played again in March 24th and 25th, 2013, and in November, 2013 it will be premiered in Paris.
The dress she wears is based on Louis Vuitton's 2013 Spring / Summer collection, made by Marc Jacobs and Louis Vuitton's studio team. [12]
Hatsune Miku's debut on David Letterman
On October 8th 2014, the holographic pop star made her US debut on the Late Show, hosted by David Letterman, with her song "Sharing the World" in order to promote an art show dedicated to her that would open in New York.
As early as October 9th, news sites including Mashable [14] or Pitchfork[15] started reporting on this new Japanese sensation appearing on American television.
YouTube Deletions
On February 2nd, 2012, the anime news website Sankaku Complex[8] reported that Hatsune Miku YouTube videos were being removed at an alarming rate due to a false copyright claim campaign. The article went on to criticize YouTube's policies concerning video takedowns.
All this is possible because YouTube allows unverified third parties to issue takedown notices on any content they host, which usually results in a swift removal of the video which can only be reversed by a counter-notification.
The "savemiku"[9] counter-campaign was launched to combat the takedowns and released the following statement:
Someone who doesn't like Hatsune Miku getting popular in the world is deleting her high ranked videos with English titles on it by making fake reports that the videos are infringing a copyright.
We don't know who is doing this.
The series of these acts may be caused by organized group(s).
It is under investigation by Miku fan volunteers.
If your video is deleted by a fake report, please submit a counter-notification here: http://p.tl/hZW6
To all Vocaloid fans, Let's get her back. Don't give up.
Legacy
Search Interest
External References
[2] Crypton – The Official Crypton Website
[3] NND Wiki – Hatsune Miku video series
[4] YouTube – Search Results for Hatsune Miku
[5] VocaForum (via Wayback Machine) – Vocaloidism Forum
[6] Vocaloid Otaku (via Wayback Machine) – VocaloidOtaku.net Forums – Providing Everything Vocaloid
[7] Toyota (via Wayback Machine) – Corolla Miku
[8] Sankaku Complex – Save Miku: Hatsune Miku YouTube Videos Deleted En Masse
[9] AtWiki (via Wayback Machine) – save miku
[11] Facebook – Hatsune Miku×Opera :THE END
[12] Rocket News 24 – Louis Vuitton’s Marc Jacobs creates high fashion Hatsune Miku
[13] Vocaloid Wiki – Pinocchio-P
[14] Mashable – CGI Anime Character Hatsune Miku Makes Late-Night History on David Letterman
[15] Pitchfork – Holographic Pop Star Hatsune Miku Performs on Letterman
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